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I decided to make a 2×2 system of verb stems and personal endings to form the four fundamental moods of Denkurian. The verb stems are called direct and indirect, whereas the personal ending sets are called primary and secondary. The various combinations yield moods thusly: direct + primary = indicative mooddirect + secondary = imperative …
Read the full post →“Yet another change to Denkurian mood formation”
I changed the formation of the optative mood to make it more internally consistent. The optative is based on historical formant *-ka, which is attached to the present subjunctive form. The past optative is formed by adding the past formant *-u to it, forming *-ko, and the irrealis formant *-i, is added to the present …
I modified Shonkasika’s verb paradigm a bit. I made the aorist (a sort of gnomic and present habitual) and the past habitual members of a full-fledged habitual/gnomic aspect, bringing the total to four: simple(unspecified), habitual, perfect, prospective. The habitual will have two possible regular formations: the most common and currently productive way is a suffix …
I changed Shonkasika’s progressive form from a periphrasis (an adverbial participle + a be-verb) to a synthetic form. Unlike the other verb inflections, which are suffixes, this one is a prefix: je- before consonants and jey- before vowels. This prefix can occur alongside just about any tense-aspect-mood form, although it is most common with the present, past, and perfect …
In an effort to create some justified ‘regular’ irregularity, I’ve been working on Shonkasika’s older, non-productive way of forming the future tense. Shonkasika used to form a ‘hypothetic/potential’ verb form by ablaut of the final vowel in the verb stem before the personal endings. Over time, this form was reinterpreted as a future form. An …